When COVID-19 arrived, what did we do globally? We acted as individual nations. What did we do nationally? We froze to a great degree at the national level for a period ... Then, we executed, at least on the state level, but I could argue we were even more atomized than that. In many cases, we operated at a municipal level—and no organization, at that level, has the resources or the ability to effectively fight a pandemic by itself ... It actually has to be a globally united effort.